THE SIMPLE PAST TENSE

5-    THE  SIMPLE  PAST TENSE

5-1      FORM

Affirmative ( olumlu )	Negative (olumsuz)	Interrogative (soru)
I studied English.                You worked hard. He/She came late. It rained heavily yesterday. We enjoyed the party. You helped a lot.                 They got up early.	I didn't study English.                   You didn't work hard.                 He/She didn't come late.                    It didn't rain heavily yesterday. We didn't enjoy the party. You didn't help a lot.              They didn't get up early.	Did I study English? Did you work hard? Did he/she come late? Did it rain heavily yesterday? Did we enjoy the party?                     Did you help a lot?                           Did they get up early?

Olumlu cümlede, fiillerin past tense biçimi, olumsuz cümlede ve soruda ise fiillerin yalın hali kullanılır.

I stayed in İzmir for five years.

She didn't study hard enough to pass the exam.

Did you stay home yesterday? 

Kısa cevapta did ve  didn't kullanılır.

Did you go to the cinema last week?                                                                                  Yes, we did.  ( Yes,we went to the cinema last week. )

Did you visit your friends yesterday?

No, I didn't. (I didn't visit my friends yesterday. )

5-2    Bu tense'i  geçmişte yaptığımız eylemleri, olayları ve durumları anlatırken kullanırız. Yesterday, last night, last week, last summer, half an hour ago, ten days ago, two years ago vb. bu tense ile sıkça kullandığımız zaman zarflarıdır.

I became a teacher eight years ago.

Where did you go on holiday last summer?

He didn't play football last Sunday because he was ill.

She left the country a few months ago.

5-3    Düzenli ( regular ) fiillerin past biçimi.fiilin yalın haline "-ed " eklenerek elde edilir.

Present                  :    want             stay              study          shave
Past                        :    wanted         stayed          studied        shaved

5-4    "be" fiilinin past biçimi "was, were" biçimindedir.

I lived in a village when I was a child.

She was late for work yesterday, so her boss was angry with her.

We were at home last night.

5-5    Düzenli fiillerin "- ed" takısını almasıyla ilgili yazım kuralları şöyledir:

I)   Çoğu düzenli fiil -ed alır.

talk - talked                            govern - governed              roar - roared
walk - walked                         seem - seemed                    roam - roamed

II) Bir sessiz+bir sesli+bir sessiz harften oluşan kısa fiillerde, sondaki sessiz harf çift yazılır.

grab - grabbed                        stop - stopped                     beg - begged
ban - banned                          slim - slimmed                   rob - robbed

III) Sonu -e ile bitenler sadece -d takısı alır.

gaze - gazed                            stare - stared                      like - liked
smile - smiled                          hate - hated                        save - saved

IV) Sonu bir sessiz harf+y ile bitenlerde - y, - i olur, ondan sonra - ed eklenir.

try - tried                                  cry - cried                           apply - applied
dry - dried                            fry - fried                              study - studied

- y   den önce bir sesli harf varsa yazımda değişildik olmaz.

play - played                           delay - delayed                   betray - betrayed
pray - prayed                          decay - decayed                  spray – sprayed