10- THE
PAST PERFECT TENSE
Affirmative
|
Negative
|
Interrogative
|
I had
finished my work.
You had
studied hard. He/She/It had eaten lunch.
We had
seen the film.
You had
helped her.
They
had heard the news.
|
I had net finished my work. You had
not studied hard. He/She/It had not eaten lunch.
We had
not seen the film.
You had
not helped her.
They
had not heard the news.
|
Had I
finished my work? Had you studied hard?
Had
he/she/it eaten lunch?
Had we
seen the film?
Had you
helped her?
Had
they heard the news?
|
Bu
tense'i oluşturmak için had + past participle kullanılır.
"I had, We had, She had, etc.” yerine kısaltılmış olarak
"I'd,
We'd, She'd, etc." yapılarını
kullanabiliriz.
She had just eaten lunch.
I hadn't finished my test when the bell
rang.
I had already finished my work when the guests arrived.
I didn't want to go to the cinema, because I'd seen the film before.
10-2 USE OF THE PAST PERFECT TENSE
a) Past Perfect Tense, Present Perfect Tense'in past biçimidir.
Present : I am not hungry. I have just eaten.
Past : When I went home, I wasn't
hungry, because I had just
eaten.
eaten.
Present : I have never
seen a kangaroo before.
Past : When I went to Australia
there. I had never seen a kangaroo before.
there. I had never seen a kangaroo before.
Present : I don't want to see that film. I've already seen it.
Past : I didn't want to go to the cinema with my friends. I had
already seen the film.
already seen the film.
Present : I can't go out with you
now. My daughter hasn't come
back from school yet.
back from school yet.
Past : I couldn't go out with
them, because my daughter hadn't
come back from school yet.
come back from school yet.
b)
Since, for, always, etc. gibi zarflarla kullanımı:
Since, for,
always gibi zarfların, Present Perfect
Tense (I have done) ile
kullanıldığını ve geçmişte
başlayıp içinde bulunduğumuz ana
kadar devam eden ya
da içinde bulunduğumuz anda da
devam etmekle olan eylemleri ifade ettiğini görmüştük. Since, for, always gibi zarflar, Past Perfect Tense (I had done ) ile de kullanılır. Ancak bu kez, geçmişte
başlayıp yine geçmişte bir noktaya kadar devam etmiş olan eylemleri anlatır.
He has been our assistant manager for
three years. Before that, he had
worked for us as a clerk for two
years.
MORE EXAMPLES
We were going to meet,
in front of the cinema at 2p.m.
yesterday. I arrived there at 2p.m.
sharp, but she hadn't come yet. When
it was 2.30 and she still hadn't come, I gave up waiting and went into the cinema.
Yesterday, the traffic
was heavy, and it took me a long
time to get home. When I arrived home, my parents
had already eaten their dinner.
Last year, he made a
very bad mistake at work, but his boss couldn't dismiss him just for that. He had worked for them for ten years and hadn't done anything wrong before.
c) Past
Perfect Tense, geçmişte belli bir noktada
olmuş olaylardan söz ederken, daha geçmişte olmuş olayları vurgulamak için de
kullanılır.
When I saw her again ten
years later, I found her greatly changed, both physically and mentally. She had dyed her hair blond and had got thinner. She had left her parents and had started to earn her own living.
When her marriage was breaking up, she remembered her father's words. He had warned her against the difficulties
of taking on the responsibility of marriage, and he had told her that she was too young to lace them. She hadn't listened to him then and had got married. She now realized how
right he had been.
Ancak, amaç geçmişteki olayları sadece akış sırasına göre
vermekse, Past Perfect kullanmak gerekmez.
She wanted to get married when she was only eighteen. Her father objected to it. He warned her against the difficulties of taking on the responsibility
of marriage at such an early age, but she didn't
listen to him and got married.
Bazı durumlarda ise Simple Past yada Past Perfect
kullanılması anlam değişikliğine yol
1) When we arrived at the
farm house, I warned her to beware
of the dog. (Çiftlik evine varınca, köpeğe
dikkat etmesi için onu uyardım.)
2) When we arrived at the farm house,
she was cautious. I had warned her
to beware of the dog. ( Çiftlik evine
vardığımızda, tedbirliydi. Köpeğe dikkat etmesi için onu uyarmıştım.)
Yukarıdaki cümlelerden birincisinde "uyarma" eylemi çiftlik evine gelince, ikincisinde
ise gelmeden önce yapılmıştır.
When I arrived at the
party, Chris left.
( First, I arrived. Then Chris left, so I saw him. )
When I arrived at the
party, Chris had left.
( First, he left. Then I arrived, so I didn't see him.)
While I was coming here,
I saw an accident. A car had run
into a cyclist.
(I didn't see the accident happen. )
While I was coming here, I saw an accident. A car ran into a cyclist.
(I saw the accident happen. )
